June 2006 | Issue 006

Welcome to the sixth edition of the African Terrorism Bulletin. The quarterly newsletter is produced by the Organised Crime and Money Laundering Programme of the Institute for Security Studies (ISS). The aim is to provide balanced information, analysis and critical perspectives regarding news on terrorism and counter-terrorism strategies on the African continent.

The information in this and future African Terrorism Bulletins will be based on ‘open source’ information. Commenting on developments relating to terrorism remains a sensitive issue. The Bulletin will endeavour to steer through the different agendas that form part of the discourse on terrorism in a critical and balanced way. Different sections focus on terrorism in the news, state responses and critical perspectives. Most of the information focuses on issues around terrorism as they relate to the African continent, yet, due to the transnational nature of the phenomenon, issues from further afield are not ignored.

Comments, contributions and critiques from our readers are encouraged. Please feel free to pass this newsletter on to anyone who you think may be interested in the content of the African Terrorism Bulletin. To subscribe or comment, please send an e-mail to [email protected] .

Extraordinary rendition or deportation?
Taylor appears before special court
Somalia: the next round
Bin Laden calls for jihad in Sudan’s Darfur region
Boeremag accused escape
New Swazi firebombing targets police flat
Annan outlines his counter-terrorism strategy to General Assembly
Libya is taken off the US terror list
Zimbabwe unveils new terrorism laws
Egyptian police kill Sinai bombing suspect
al Qaeda suspect freed
Uganda deports US evangelist accused of terrorism
“Africa lacks capacity to counter terrorism threat “
Kikambala suspect jailed for eight years
Anti-terrorism laws abused
Call for contributions: ASR 15.3
New counter-terrorism programme and ISS office in Addis Ababa launched
ISS seminar on 23 June 2006: Dr William Rosenau from the RAND Corporation
Trojan Horses? USAID, counter-terrorism and Africa’s police

South African readers will have followed the media frenzy surrounding the ‘disappearance’ of Pakistani national Rashid Khalid from South Africa last November. We carried the story in the last newsletter. Back then, the mysterious disappearance was clouded in smokescreens and we put forth that it was high time that the South African Department of Home Affairs played open cards. What has changed since March? According to Rashid’s lawyer not much. Home Affairs still maintains that Rashid was legally deported out of the country. It says that there were allegations that Rashid had connections with international terrorist cells, but there were insufficient grounds to extradite him. However, there were grounds to deport him as he was in fact an illegal foreigner within the borders of South Africa.

If Rashid were indeed a terror suspect, then he should have been arrested and taken through the proper legal channels. South Africa has an anti-terrorism law, the Protection of Constitutional Democracy against Terrorist and Related Activities Act since May 2005. Perhaps it could have been applied in this case? The uncertainties surrounding the Rashid case call to question whether the South African government acted within the parameters of the Constitution and Bill of Rights.

To this day, it remains unclear whether Rashid was simply an illegal immigrant, a terror suspect or perhaps even a wrongly identified terror suspect. The silence on this matter seems to point to the later two options. Perhaps even a case of rendition?

One is reminded of the case of Haroon Rashid Aswat, the alleged mastermind of the London bombings. Aswat was resident in South Africa and worked undetected in the Johannesburg suburb of Fordsburg in the late 1990s. Aswat’s mobile phone received about twenty calls from the London bombing suspects. Furthermore, a charge filed before a New York court accused Aswat of seeking to establish a terrorist training camp in a remote area in the north-western US state of Oregon, hostage taking in Yemen and funding terrorist training in Afghanistan.

Aswat had been on the run since 1999. Following his arrest in Zambia, British officials were anxious to interview Aswat because of concerns that he could be taken to one of the US terrorist detention centers. This, after Martin Mubangu, a British Muslim, was arrested in Zambia in 2002 and taken to the US detention camp in Guatanamo Bay, where he was held until his release without charge in 2005.

In the end, Zambia deported Aswat, who is a British citizen back to London in August 2005. The central African nation turned down a US request for Aswat’s extradition, citing that the suspect was a British national and it would hence be proper to hand him over to the British government. Presently, the South African Department of Home Affairs claims that they deported an illegal immigrant from the country. There seems nothing wrong with this procedure on the face of it. However, it is surprising that a special aircraft, the Gulfstream II jet, arrived on South African soil to fly the illegal immigrant out of the country.

In the aftermath of Aswat’s arrest it transpired that American intelligence officials attempted to seize the terror suspect in South Africa a few weeks earlier, and secretly shift him to an undisclosed third country for interrogation. British officials were unwilling to participate in the American policy of the “rendition” of one of their own citizens. Is this ‘attempt’ by the Americans perhaps an indication that South Africa allows renditions in her territory?

Rendition flights have become one of the most controversial aspects of the US-led “War on Terror”. They entail alleged terror suspects being taken by the US intelligence agencies for interrogation to secret facilities in other countries.

Last week, a Council of Europe report found that fourteen European countries worked with the CIA in the secret transfer of terrorism suspects. We wait to hear from the South African government whether it has become complicit in rendition flights, which would most certainly fall outside the ambit of the country’s modern Constitution.

Please refer to our TOP STORY

Extraordinary rendition or deportation?
June 12 2006- The family of Pakistani national Rashid Khalid, his lawyer and concerned citizens of South Africa have been trying to establish his whereabouts since his disappearance in November of last year. The Mail & Guardian newspaper has reported that the façade of legality around the deportation of Khalid was crumbling.

In latest developments, the South African Department of Home Affairs appeared to have been asked by the police crime intelligence division to provide legal cover for Rashid’s arrest and handover to Pakistani authorities. The same department has also been dragging its feet in providing details of Rashid’s ‘deportation’, maintaining that he was taken out of the country for residing in South Africa illegally. Rashid, with suspected links to international terror networks, was arrested by police officers in Eastcourt, KwaZulu-Natal on October 31, 2005 and held for seven days before being flown out of Waterkloof air force base on a private jet.

The Gulfstream II jet is owned by AVE, a company whose main base of operations is Sharjah in the United Arab Emirates. The company is the latest incarnation of Phoenix Aviation, a firm which has been linked to the notorious Russian arms dealer and smuggler Victor Bout. Also known as “The Merchant of Death”, Bout’s large fleet of aircraft was used to ship illegal arms to many dictators and rebel forces. This was often done in direct contravention of United Nations embargos.Zehir Omar, Rashid’s lawyer, has asked the International Criminal Court to investigate the disappearance from South Africa of Khalid Rashid. The family and friends of Rashid fear that he may have become a victim of an ‘extraordinary rendition’ and may have been taken to an international detention center.
Read the Mail & Guardian article
Read the Mail & Guardian article
Read the ISS Today commentary
Read the story in the last African Terrorism Bulletin

Taylor appears before special court
May 02 2006 –Former Liberian President Charles Taylor refused to recognise an international war crimes court in Sierra Leone and pleaded not guilty to the multiple charges against him. He is facing eleven counts of war crimes, crimes against humanity and other charges including terrorism, murder, r ape, enslavement and the use of child soldiers for his role in Sierra Leone’s 1991-2002 civil war.

Created in 2002 through an agreement between the United Nations and the Sierra Leonean government, the Special Court is charged with bringing to justice those who bear the greatest responsibility for grave crimes committed since 1996.

The indictment against Taylor alleges that the former warlord provided training to and helped finance the revolutionary United Front (RUF) in preparation for RUF armed action in Sierra Leone and during the subsequent conflict there. Taylor was elected president of Liberia in 1997 after a seven-year civil war. He soon gained international notoriety for his forces’ brutal abuse of civilians and for his use of child soldiers organised in “Small Boy Units”. Taylor’s support for the RUF in Sierra Leone contributed to the deaths, r apes and mutilations of thousands of civilians there. In 2003, Taylor left Liberia for N igeria, where he was offered asylum.

After Taylor’s disappearance from Calabar, N igeria in March 2006, N igerian authorities later arrested him on the border with Cameroon. Wanted for his role in supporting Sierra Leone’s rebel forces, Taylor was then placed on a plane headed for Monrovia, where UN authorities took him into custody for transport to the Special Court for Sierra Leone in Freetown.

Taylor is the first former president on African soil to answer charges of crimes against humanity.
Read the Worldpress article
Read the Human Rights Watch report

Somalia: the next round
June 13 2006-Somali leaders have met with regional government ministers to find means to empower Somalia’s United Nations-backed government, which watched from the sidelines as fundamentalist Islamic militia battled warlords and seized its capital. The summit in the Kenyan capital was part of an international diplomatic effort to restore a government to Somalia. Yet, Jean-Jacques Cornish from the Mail & Guardian newspaper warns that Somalia might become “the new Afghanistan”.

This is particularly poignant in light of US President George W Bush’s recent remarks: “The first concern, of course, would be to make sure that Somalia does not become an al Qaeda safe haven. Somalia mustn’t become a place from which terrorists can plot and plan. When there’s instability anywhere in the world, we’re concerned. And there is instability in Somalia.”

These remarks may explain why for some months the US has intervened in the Horn of Africa nation by providing clandestine financial support for secular faction leaders under the banner of the Alliance for the Restoration of Peace and Counter-Terrorism who oppose Islamic fundamentalist militia. The transitional Somali president has repeatedly denounced this funding, insisting that the US should be playing a more even-handed role in restoring democracy to Somalia.

After a month of fighting, which cost more than 300 lives and injured about 1700 people, mainly civilians, the US-backed warlords took a beating when Mogadishu feel to Islamist warlords during the first weekend of June.

Somalia has been without effective government since 1991, when warlords overthrew long-time dictator Siad Barre and then turned on one another. Presently, many of the former warlords are members of the transitional government, while the Islamic leaders portray themselves as a force capable of restoring order and setting Somalia on a new path. The transitional government has made little progress toward asserting any authority in the war-torn country. Its seat is in the southern city of Baidoa, as Mogadishu is considered unsafe.
Read the Mail & Guardian article
Read the Mail & Guardian article

Bin Laden calls for jihad in Sudan’s Darfur region
April 24 2006 – Al Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden has called on his followers to prepare for jihad against Western would-be occupiers in Sudan’s Darfur region. An audiotape attributed to Bin Laden declared that the West’s shunning of the Hamas Palestinian government showed it was waging a Crusader-Zionist war on Muslims. After accusing the West of seeking to divide Sudan, bin Laden urged “mujahideen (holy warriors) and their supporters in Sudan and the Arabian Peninsula to prepare all that is necessary to wage a long term-war against the Crusaders in western Sudan. “

The Sudanese government was quick to distance itself from the Bin Laden recording, which also accused the US of planning to occupy the country and plunder it of its oil reserves.Since fighting flared between the Sudan Armed Forces and the rebel Sudan Liberation Army (SLA) in North Darfur at the end of February, a large number of villages have been attacked and burned, markets have been looted and people displaced. Meanwhile, distrust of the United Nations and warnings of al Qaeda involvement are growing in the war-torn country.
Read the UN News article
Read the Scoop article

Boeremag accused escape
May 12 2006 – At least forty heavily armed police officers failed to notice that two accused in the Boeremag trial went missing in the Pretoria High Court. It is not clear how the men escaped from police custody. They failed to reach their cell during a lunch recess. The two are among the 21 men facing high treason, murder and terrorism charges after a series of bomb blasts in Soweto and Bronkhorstspruit in 2001. The South African Police Service has launched an internal investigation to look into whether the two were assisted in their escape.

Herman van Rooyen and Rudi Gouws have been placed on Interpol`s international database of wanted fugitives. If found within Interpol`s 184-member countries, the two would be arrested and extradited for prosecution.
Read the iafrica.com article
Read the story in the last African Terrorism Bulletin

New Swazi firebombing targets police flat
March 28 2006 - A police officer’s flat was firebombed in eastern Swaziland in late March. This was the first incident since the release on bail of sixteen members of the banned opposition People’s United Democratic Movement (Pudemo). The movement is calling for an end to the autocratic rule of King Mswati III, Africa’s last absolute monarch.

Arrested during sweeps in December and January, the Pudemo members are accused of high treason and could face the death penalty for allegedly carrying out a series of firebombings on government offices and residences of senior state employees since October.

No trial date has been set in the case and the accused were released on March 10, after the state failed to make a convincing case.

Three of the accused stated that they were attacked by about fifty prison warders on the eve of their bail hearing. Meanwhile, the court also heard that nine of the sixteen defendants had been mistreated since their arrest in December.
Read the Mail & Guardian article
Read the Mail & Guardian article

Annan outlines his counter-terrorism strategy to General Assembly
May 2 2006-United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan has presented his recommendations for the world’s first comprehensive counter-terrorism strategy to the UN General Assembly. Entitled “Uniting Against Terrorism: Recommendations for a Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy”, the report builds on ideas outlined in Spain in 2005 on the one-year anniversary of the train bombings that killed and maimed more than 1600 people. Underpinning the global strategy are Annan’s ‘five D’s’:

• Dissuading people from resorting to terrorism or supporting it;
• Denying terrorists the means to carry out an attack;
• Deterring states from supporting terrorism;
• Developing state capacity to defeat terrorism, and
• Defending human rights.

Annan assisted by a multi-agency counter-terrorism task force lays out specific recommendations in the report under the “5 D’s”. Included is a call on UN member states to consider holding a global forum on biotechnology, as part of strategy to prevent the use of biological weapons.

The head of the world body also called for the conclusion “as soon as possible” of a comprehensive convention on international terrorism.
Download the UN News report
Download the report of the UN General-Secretary

Libya is taken off the US terror list
May 16 2006 – After hovering over a quarter-century on the United States’ list of ‘State Sponsors of Terrorism, Libya has finally been taken off the list. US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice in her announcement of the US-Libya restoration of diplomatic relations said, “Libya was rewarded for its renunciation of terrorism and cooperation in the US-led ‘war on terror’.” The reopening of the US embassy in Libya’s capital Tripoli will mark the restoration of diplomatic ties. The United States withdrew its last ambassador to Libya in 1972, and took out its remaining personnel when the embassy was set alight by a mob in 1979. Less than two years later all Libyan diplomats were expelled from Washington. The designation of being a ‘state sponsor of terrorism’ triggers economic and diplomatic sanctions.
Read the News24 article
Read the story in the last African Terrorism Bulletin

Zimbabwe unveils new terrorism laws
April 24 2006 – The Zimbabwean government has published a proposed new law.The Suppression of Foreign and International Terrorism Bill comes in the wake of the brief detention earlier this month of opposition members and police officers who later had charges of stocking arms and plotting to assassinate President Robert Mugabe dropped. Authorities had accused the men of working with a foreign-based organisation called the Zimbabwean Freedom Movement, which was said to be plotting to end Mugabe’s rule.

The Zimbabwean government stated that it had suffered embarrassment after terrorism charges could not be sustained in high profile cases in the past. In an effort to avoid such legal embarrassment in future, the Ministry of Justice, Legal and Parliamentary Affairs had come up with a Bill that was set to make it easier for the state to secure conviction of terror suspects. Proponents of the new bill also said that international terrorism was not adequately addressed by existing laws, nor was the problem of mercenary activities covered.

Under the proposed legislation, it would be an offence to undergo training for foreign or international terrorism, to recruit persons to undergo such training, or to possess weaponry that would be used for the purposes of foreign or international terrorist activity. The Minister of Home Affairs would identify and ban terrorist organisations.

Critics of the draft bill are suspicious, singling out the government’s free interpretation of the definition of terrorism. It is feared that the legislation may be applied to rein in Mugabe’s opponents.

Given the ZANU-PF party’s majority, the proposed law is likely to sail through parliament.
Read the Zimbabwean Standard article

Egyptian police kill Sinai bombing suspect
May 09 2006 – Egyptian police have killed the suspected leader of an underground grouping, who was wanted for the Sinai bombings that claimed twenty-four lives on 17 April 2006. 62 people were wounded. Police found automatic rifles and hand-grenades at the scene. Nasser Khamis el-Mallahi was the seventh person killed since police and soldiers fanned across the Sinai peninsula to hunt down terror suspects in Dahab bombings.

There had been no claim of responsibility for the bombings apart from that al Qaeda leaders had called for attacks on western targets in an audiotape released the weekend before the incident. Preliminary investigations pointed to links between the attacks in Dahab and two previous strikes in the Sinai peninsula over the past eighteen months. The bombers struck on Sham el-Nessim, a traditional holiday that marks the beginning of spring, and a day before Sinai Liberation Day, which celebrates Israel’s withdrawal from the peninsula in 1982. Egyptian authorities maintain that all the Sinai bombings have been the work of a single organisation with no connections abroad and no link to al Qaeda.

Following the bombings, Egypt announced that it was extending the emergency law for another two years following the Sinai terror attacks. Commentators question the usefulness of repressive security measures. Anne Penketh of The Independent doubts that Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak can avert future terror attacks. Tourists in Egypt are already escorted by armed guards and barricaded behind concrete blocks in their resorts.
Read the Independent article
Read the Washington Post article

al Qaeda suspect freed
April 18 2006 – Jamal Kiyemba, a Ugandan terror suspect with links to the al Qaeda network, has been freed by Ugandan security forces.

Kiyemba was captured in Pakistan in 2002 on suspicion of being an al Qaeda terrorist. He was jailed in Pakistan, Afghanistan and Guantanamo Bay. Upon his release from Guantanamo Bay, UK authorities denied him entry into London, where his mother lived. He was subsequently deported to Uganda, where he was confined to a ‘safe house’ for two months.

Kiyemba joined the Taliban in Pakistan, where he was seized and turned over to the US for a bounty of $5 000. Kiyemba claims the American interrogators forced him to confess to terrorist activities, and that MI5 questioned him repeatedly about British terror suspects and jailed clerics Abu Hamza and Abu Qatada. He was freed without warning as international pressure mounted on America to close the detention camp after a highly critical UN report on the treatment of prisoners there was released.

Human Rights campaigners in the UK are uncertain about Kiyemba’s safety in Uganda and have called for his return. Having grown up with his family in the UK, Kiyemba felt more British than Ugandan, and had asked the UK government to help him return to his family.
Read the New Vision article

Uganda deports US evangelist accused of terrorism
April 18 2006 – And in more news from Uganda, government authorities have deported an American evangelist who was charged with terrorism after detectives found assault rifles and bullets hidden in his bedroom just days before Uganda’s national elections. Peter Waldron had worked previously as an IT consultant for the Ugandan Health Ministry. He then founded an evangelical group and was allegedly planning to start a political party based on Christian principles at the time of his arrest. Friends of Waldron claim that he was detained because of a critical newsletter that was stamped ‘defamatory’ by state authorities. Uganda denies this. However, copies of The Africa Dispatch were confiscated. It contains Waldon’s feature article about the violent government responses to riots following the detention of opposition leader Kizza Besigye last year. Previously, family and friends of Waldron appealed to President Yoweri Museveni and wife Janet to help secure his release.

Charges against six fellow suspects were subsequently dropped. All seven had denied the terrorism charges.
Read the article on About.com

“Africa lacks capacity to counter terrorism threat “
April 28 2006 –According to Ibrahim Gambari, the UN Under-Secretary-General for Political Affairs, many African countries plagued by the continuing threat of terrorism, lacked the means to counter the threat. Gambari delivered his speech at a symposium organised by the UN Department of Political Affairs and the Africa-America Institute. The terrorist threat to Africa was underscored by the attacks in Nairobi , Mombassa and Dar es Salaam, and the terror warnings in Kenya and elsewhere in East Africa earlier this year. Africa had taken steps to deal with terrorism, with 36 of the 53 countries in the African Union (AU) having ratified the Convention on the Prevention and Combating of Terrorism.

Similarly, the African Centre for the Study and Research on Terrorism had been established in Algeria. Apart from building capacity in Africa, Gambari said that the fight against terrorism should also aim at reducing the environment, which allowed terrorists to recruit and thrive.

Gambari’s remarks are echoed in the latest annual report on terrorism by the US State Department. Reference is made to the ‘relatively weak’ capacity of the African Union to support counter-terrorism efforts.
Read the Angola Press report
Read the Voice of America article

Kikambala suspect jailed for eight years
April 04 2006 – One of the four men acquitted of the murder of fifteen people following the bombing of the Paradise Hotel in Kikambala, Kenya has been sentenced to eight years of imprisonment. Omar Said Omar was found guilty of possession of five firearms, explosives and ammunitions without a firearm certificate.

Omar’s freedom was short-lived in June 2005, when the police re-arrested him moments after the High Court cleared him of murder charges relating to the Kikambala bombing.
Read the KBC article

Anti-terrorism laws abused
April 03 2006 – An independent panel of eminent jurists appointed by the International Commission of Jurists (ICJ) held a two day East African Regional hearing in Nairobi. This forms part of a global inquiry into the effects of counter-terrorism measures on human rights and the rule of law.Former chief justice of South Africa Justice Arthur Chaskalson chairs the panel, which heard presentations from leading legal and human rights experts from Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania. The jurists took interest in justifications given for counter-terrorism laws, policies and practices, especially where they depart from the ordinary legal framework. In some countries, the post 9/11 climate has been exploited to justify longstanding human rights violations carried out in the name of national security.

In particular, following a spate of bombings in Kampala in 1999, Uganda’s legislature enacted the Anti Terrorism Act of 2002 as a legal measure to counter the threat of terrorism. The Act provides an extremely wide definition of what constitutes an act of terrorism.

When convicted under this law, a person can suffer various penalties including death, and serve lengthy prison terms. One of the key areas where this particular piece of legislation has negatively impacted on human rights is the government’s policy of having multiple security agencies all charged with the enforcement of the Act.

The ICJ suggests that safe guarding persons from terrorist acts and respecting human rights and humanitarian law allow states a reasonably wide margin of flexibility to combat terrorism without contravening human rights and humanitarian legal obligations.

The ICJ hearings for the North African hub, which includes Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia and Libya are scheduled next.
Read the East Standard article
Visit the website of the Eminent Jurists Panel

Call for contributions: ASR 15.3
The African Security Review 15.3 will reflect the debates and contributions on terrorism in Africa made at an ISS seminar held in Dar es Salaam in March 2006. The premise of the seminar was that the post September 11 international discourse on terrorism had significantly shaped the world’s perception of terrorism and how it manifests itself. African voices on this subject have been few and far between. The seminar provided an opportunity for African scholars and analysts to develop a better understanding of how terrorism and its impact are perceived across Africa. Such a debate is important if African responses to terrorism are to be influenced by both the lived realities and perspectives from the continent.

Amongst others, the ASR thus will provide African perspectives on the international terrorism and counter-terrorism discourse, the problematic relationship between counter-terrorism measures, human rights considerations and the African state, oil and terrorism and counter-terrorism approaches in Africa.

We are seeking three more commentaries (1500-2000 words) that could deal with

• Terrorism and development
• Violence versus terrorism
• State terror as counter terrorism

Furthermore, four book reviews (800 -1200 words) in line with the overall topic are needed. Interested contributors should express their interest, their topic and/ or the book to be reviewed to Annette Hübschle ( [email protected] ) by no later than 26 June 2006. The deadline for contributions is 17 July 2006.

New counter-terrorism programme and ISS office in Addis Ababa launched
June 14 2006-The Institute for Security Studies (ISS) has launched a new office in the Ethiopian capital of Addis Ababa. At the same time, the IGAD Counter-Terrorism Programme has commenced its work at the new ISS office. The programme originates from a plan adopted by the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) and is geared towards its member states, which include Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan and Uganda. Back in 2003, the plan called for concerted action in the following areas:

• Measures to establish a regional approach to counter-terrorism with a broader international strategy
• Measures to counter the financing of terrorism
• Enhancing the operational capacity to counter illegal cross border movement
• Enhancing operational capacity to record and share information
• Ensuring the protection of human rights in counter-terrorism operations
• Educational programmes to enhance public support

The Counter-Terrorism Programme aims to contribute towards the IGAD plan.

ISS seminar on 23 June 2006: Dr William Rosenau from the RAND Corporation
The Pretoria office of the ISS is hosting a seminar entitled “Subversion and insurgency and counter-terrorism and counter-insurgency”. Dr William Rosenau from the US-based Rand Corporation will be the main speaker. The seminar will be held in the ISS Conference Room on 23 June 2006, from 10h00 to 13h30. Please confirm your attendance with Charlene Harry at 012-346 9500 or [email protected] .
Visit the ISS Africa website for more information

Trojan Horses? USAID, counter-terrorism and Africa’s police
Alice Hill argues in her Third World Quarterly contribution that the purpose of US foreign assistance has shifted in the wake of 2001. The Bush administration has broadened the remit of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) in such a way as to render it a quasi-security agency. Thus citing the example of Kenya, she regards using USAID to improve the counter-terrorist capacity of Africa’s police in the pursuit of US national security objectives a flawed strategy.
You can access the article from this website

Please inform us of upcoming terrorism-related meetings, seminars, workshops, conferences, publications and other developments by sending a message to [email protected]

The Institute for Security Studies (ISS) is an applied policy non-profit research organisation with a focus on human security issues on the African continent.

This newsletter is produced by the Organised Crime and Money Laundering Programme of the Institute for Security Studies and funded by the Royal Norwegian Government.

Annette Hübschle (Researcher: Organised Crime and Money Laundering Programme) – [email protected]
Luzuko Pupuma (ISS Research Intern)

Institute for Security Studies
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