Refreshing Africa's future: prospects for achieving universal WASH access by 2030

Universal access to water, sanitation and hygiene is indispensable to development. Is Africa on track to achieve this goal by 2030?

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Access to water, sanitation and hygiene is indispensable to development, but what will it take for Africa to achieve universal access in 15 years? This paper uses the International Futures forecasting system to explore Sustainable Development Goal 6, which promises water, sanitation and hygiene to all by 2030. It finds that Africa is not on track to meet this goal. In response, it uses two alternative scenarios to assess the costs and benefits associated with accelerating access. The first models an aggressive push toward universal access and the second a more moderate approach that advances access to water, sanitation and hygiene based on countries’ 2015 baselines.


About the authors

Alanna Markle is a research assistant at the Frederick S. Pardee Center for International Futures, where she is the centre’s first Hughes Dickson Fellow. Alanna will complete her MA in global finance, trade and economic integration at the Josef Korbel School of International Studies at the University of Denver in June 2017. Her degree specialisations are international development and quantitative methods.

Zachary Donnenfeld is a researcher with the African Futures and Innovation programme at the ISS. Previously, he worked at the Frederick S. Pardee Center for International Futures and the Environment Food and Conflict Laboratory at the University of Denver. Zach received his MA in global finance, trade and economic integration from the Josef Korbel School of International Studies in June 2015.


This paper forms part of the ISS series on the Sustainable Development Goals. Other papers in the series:

Envisioning a healthy future: Africa’s shifting burden of disease

Unlocking Africa’s potential: The relationship between effective governance and poverty

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Development partners
This paper was made possible with support from the Hanns Seidel Foundation. The Institute for Security Studies is also grateful for support from the following members of the ISS Partnership Forum: the governments of Australia, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and the USA.
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