The Western Indian Ocean contains a multitude of threats to inhabitants’ maritime security, ranging from climate change and pollution to piracy, illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, maritime violence and increasing militarisation. This report emphasises a policymaking approach that addresses issues through a cyclical rather than linear lens, recognising how one threat can lead to the emergence of another.

About the author 
Daniela Marggraff is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Ocean Regions Programme at the University of Pretoria and a consultant at the Institute for Security Studies. Her research focuses on the maritime domain, particularly the implications of geopolitical competition and militarisation for islands in the Indo-Pacific and the Southern Ocean and Antarctic.