This study shows that leadership is the most decisive factor in shaping missions’ level of gender responsiveness. Without top-level advocacy, commitments to women, peace and security are not translated into practice. Committed leaders can convert mandate language into operational reality. Gender-responsive community engagement is also important. Sustained engagement with local women generates early-warning intelligence and community cooperation that formal reporting channels cannot replicate.

About the author

Emmaculate A Liaga is a Researcher at the Institute for Security Studies’ (ISS) Training for Peace programme.