The blue economy, defined as the sustainable use of ocean and aquatic resources for economic growth while preserving aquatic ecosystems, represents a significant opportunity for Africa's development under Agenda 2063. However, Africa's marine and inland resources face mounting pressures from overfishing, pollution, habitat destruction, and climate change impacts, including rising sea levels, ocean acidification, and shifting marine ecosystems. These challenges threaten food security, economic stability, and coastal communities across the continent. This monograph analyses the current status of Africa's blue economy within the context of climate change, examining both the obstacles and emerging opportunities in sectors such as renewable energy, marine biotechnology, and blue carbon initiatives. It provides strategic recommendations for regional cooperation, ecosystem-based management, infrastructure resilience, and inclusive governance to help African nations harness their blue economy potential while building climate resilience and achieving sustainable development goals.

About the authors

Judy Beaumont is the Director of the International Ocean Institute – Southern Africa, and has worked in the environmental sector for 30 years, focusing on environmental sustainability, ocean and coastal management, and climate change response.

Shannon Hampton is a Marine Biologist who has worked in ocean governance in Africa for over a decade.

David Willima is a Maritime Researcher with the Climate Risk and Human Security Project at the Institute for Security Studies.