Sources

References

 

Books and published articles

 

Alexander, Jocelyn, McGregor, JoAnn and Ranger, Terence, 2000. Violence and Memory: One Hundred Years in the ‘Dark Forests’ of Matabeleland (Oxford: James Currey)

Beach, David The Shona and their Neighbours (Oxford: Blackwell, 1994)

Bhebe, Ngwabi & Ranger, Terence, eds., 1995. Soldiers in Zimbabwe’s Liberation War (Harare: University of Zimbabwe Publications)

Bond, Patrick, 2001. Against Global Apartheid: South Africa meets the World Bank and International Finance.

Bourdillon, Michael. 1985. "Religious Symbols and Political Change." Zambezia 12, 1984–1985.

Bourdillon, Michael. The Shona People: An Ethnography of the Contemporary Shona, with Special Reference to their Religion, (Harare: Mambo, 1982).

Bowman, Larry. 1975. Politics in Rhodesia: White Power in an African State (Harvard: Harvard University Press)

Burgess, S. F. Smallholders and Political Voice in Zimbabwe, 1997.

Burke, T.1996. Lifebuoy Men, Lux Women: Commodification, Consumption, and Cleanliness in Modern Zimbabwe,.

Catholic Commission for Justice and Peace, 1997. Breaking the Silence: a Report on the Disburtancdes in Matabeleland and the Midlands 

Centre for Housing Rights and Evictions, (2001): COHRE: Land, Housing and Property Rights in Zimbabwe , (Geneva). .

Cheater, Angela 1990. "The Ideology of `Communal` Land Tenure in Zimbabwe: Mythogenesis Enacted?" Africa 60 (2): 188–206.

——, 1984. Idioms of Accumulation: Rural Development and Class Formation among Freeholders in Zimbabwe.

——. 1982. "Formal and Informal Rights to Land in Zimbabwe`s Black Freehold Areas: A Case Study from Msengezi." Africa 52 (3): 77–91.

Chimhundu, Herbert, 1992.  ‘Early missionaries and the ethnolinguistic factor during the “invention of  tribalism” in Zimbabwe’ Journal of African History 33 (1)

Chigwedere, Aeneas, 1980. From Mutapa to Rhodes, (London: Macmillan).

Chitiyo, Tapera Knox "Land Violence and Compensation: Reconceptualising Zimbabwe`s Land and War Veterans` Debate," Track Two Occasional Paper, vol. 9, no. 1, (Cape Town: Centre for Conflict Resolution)

Chung, Fay King, 2006. Re-Living the Second Chimurenga: Memories from Zimbabwe`s Liberation Struggle, (Harare: Weaver Press).
 
Cilliers, J., & Malan, Mark, 2001. Peace keeping in the DRC: Monuc and the Road to Peace. Monograph no.66.

Clarke, D.G., 1977. Agricultural and Plantation Workers in Rhodesia (Gweru: Mambo Press,)
CFU, (13-15 January 2001) "Background briefing" submitted to the SADC Heads of State Summit.
Commonwealth Observer Mission Group 2002, "Final report on the presidential election in Zimbabwe, 9 – 11 March”.

Daneel, Inus, 1970 Zionism and Faith Healing in Rhodesia-Aspects of African Independent Churches. (The Hague: Mouton).

___________.1987 Quest for Belonging - Introduction to a Study of African Independent Churches. (Gweru: Mambo Press).

___________.1989 Fambidzano-Ecumenical Movement of Zimbabwean Independent Churches (Gweru: Mambo Press)

De Waal, V., 2002. The Politics of Reconciliation: Zimbabwe’s First Decade, (London: Hurst)

Dingirai, V. and M. F. C. Bourdillon. "Religious Ritual and Political Control in Binga District, Zimbabwe." African Anthropology 4 (2): 4–26, 1997.

Dotson, F. & Dotson,L., The Indian Minority of Zambia, Rhodesia and Malawi (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1968).

Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO), (2005). AQUASTAT Information System on Water and Agriculture, Water Report, No. 29.

FAO, (2007). Special Report on Zimbabwe.

FAO, (December 2001) "Food Supply Situation Tightening in Southern Africa," Africa Report No. 3.

Gaidzanwa, R. "Women`s Land Rights in Zimbabwe." Issue, XXII (2): 12–16, 1994.

Godwin, P., 1984. ‘Whose Kith and Kin Now’, London Sunday Times Magazine, 25 March 1984.

Gordon, R. "Girls Cannot Think as Boys Do: Socialising Children through the Zimbabwean School System." Gender and Development 6 (2): 53–58, 1998.

Government of Zimbabwe, (2004. NEPAD-CAADP Bankable Investment Project: ‘Smallholder Irrigation Development.’

Hachipola, Simooya Jerome, 1998. A Survey of the Minority Languages of Zimbabwe, (Harare: University of Zimbabwe Publications)

Hancock, Ian. White Liberals and Radical in Rhodesia 1953–1980, 1984.

Hapanyengwi, Chemhuru O, and Ed Shizha. "Through Zimbabwean Eyes." Journal of African Religion and Philosophy 4 (2): 45–47, 1998.

Harbitz N J. "Mediums in Zimbabwe`s Media." In Media Culture and Society 18 (4): 669–676, 1996.

Hasler, R.1995. Agriculture, Foraging, and Wildlife Resource Use in Africa: Cultural and Political Dynamics in the Zambezi Valley,.

2007 Protocol on Shared Watercourses in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) Region available at: http://waterlaw.org/regionaldocs/sadc1.html

Hondora, Tawanda, 2006. Zimbabwe sanctions: are they political or economic?, Newzimbabwe.com,  3 November 2006.

Hondora, Tawanda, 2006. ‘Sanctions undermine economy,’ Newzimbabwe.com, 22 June.

Horn, N. E. Cultivating Customers: Market Women in Harare, Zimbabwe, 1994.

Huyse, L., 2003. Zimbabwe: Why Reconciliation Failed. In D. Bloomfiled, T. Barnes and L. Huyse, eds., Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: A Handbook. International (Stockholm: Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance)

Joubert, Niel. (2004). Zimbabwe?s Preferential Trade Agreements with other SADC Member States, (Tralac).

Jones, Claire. Making Music: Musical Instruments in Zimbabwe Past and Present, 1992.

Kaarsholm, Preben, 1997. Inventions, Imaginings, Codifications: Authorising Versions of Ndebele Cultural Tradition. Journal of Southern African Studies 23 (2): 243–258.

Kagoro, Brian, 2003. The Opposition and Civil Society. In Richard Cornwell, ed., Zimbabwe`s Turmoil: Problems and Prospects (Pretoria: Institute for Security Studies)

Kriger, Norma, 1992. Zimbabwe`s Guerilla War: Peasant Voices (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).

Lan, David, 1985. Guns and Rain: Guerillas and Spirit Mediums in Zimbabwe (Berkeley: University of California Press).

Lessing, Doris. African Laughter, 1992.

——. Under my Skin: Volume One of My Autobiography, to 1949, 1994.

Lonely Planet. Zimbabwe, Botswana and Namibia, 3rd ed., 1999.
Magaisa, Alex, 2005. ‘The pitfalls of opposition politics in Zimbabwe: On why (MDC) is struggling’, Zimbabwe Independent, 28 July 2005

Magaisa, Alex, On sanctions, Mugabe and the economy. Newzimbabwe.com 3 November 2006

Makumbe, John, & Compagnon, Daniel, 2000. Behind the Smokescreen: The Politics of Zimbabwe’s 1995 General Election (Harare: University of Zimbabwe)
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Mandaza, Ibbo, 1987. The State and politics in the Post-White Settler Colonial Situation. In Ibbo Mandaza, ed., Zimbabwe: The Political Economy of Transition, 1980- 1986 (Dakar: Codesria).

Martin, David, and Phyllis Johnson,1981. The Struggle of Zimbabwe: The Chimurenga War, 1981.

Masunungure, Eldred, 2004. ‘Travails of Opposition Politics in Zimbabwe since Independence,’ in David Harold Barry (eds), Zimbabwe: The Past is the Future, (Harare: Weaver Press)

Ministry of Lands, Agriculture, and Rural Resettlement, (2001) Land Reform and Resettlement Programme: Revised Phase II (Harare: Government of Zimbabwe),

Mlambo, Alois, 1997. The Economic Structural Adjustment Programme: The Case of Zimbabwe, 1990-199 (Harare: University of Zimbabwe Publications).

Mlambo, Alois, 2002. White Immigration into Rhodesia: From Occupation to Federation (Harare: University of Zimbabwe Publications).

Mlambo, Eshmael, 1972. Rhodesia: The Struggle for a Birthright (London: Hurst, 1972

Mlambo, Norman, 2003. Raids on Gorongoza: Zimbabwe`s Military Involvement in Mozambique1982 – 1992. SACDI Defence Digest, Working Paper no. 3. Available at http://ccrweb.ccr.uct.ac.za/archive/defencedigest/defdigest03.html.

Moyo, Jonathan, 1992. Voting for Democracy: Electoral Politics in Zimbabwe (Harare: University of Zimbabwe Publications,).
 
Moyo, Sam, P. Robinson, Katere, Yamin, Stevenson, and D.Gumbo. Zimbabwe`s Environmental Dilemma: Balancing Resource Inequities, 1993.

Moyo, Sam. 2000: "The Interaction of Market and Compulsory Land Acquisition Processes with Social Action in Zimbabwe`s Land Reform," (Paper presented at SAPES Trust annual colloquium, Harare).

Mutswairo, Solomon, Emmanual Chiwome, Nhira Edgar Mberi, Albert Masasire, and Munashe Furusa. Introduction to Shona Culture, 1996.

Muzondidya, J., 2005. Walking a Tightrope: Towards a Social History of the Coloured people of Zimbabwe Trenton, New Jersey: Africa World Press)

____________. 2002. ‘Towards a Historical Understanding of the Making of the Coloured Community in Zimbabwe, 1890-1920’, Identity, Culture and Politics Vol. 3, no. 2.

Ncube, Godfrey Tabona, 2004. History of Northwestern Zimbabwe, 1850-1960 (Gweru: Mambo)

Ndlovu-Gatsheni, Sabelo, 2003. The Post-Colonial State and Matebeleland: Regional Perceptions of. Civil-Military Relations, 1980-2002’. In Rocky Williams, Gavin Cwathra, & Diane Abrahams (eds), Ourselves to Know: Civil Military relations and Defence Transformation in Southern Africa, (Johannesburg: Institrute for Secdurity Studies)

Ndoro, Werber, 1997. "Great Zimbabwe." Scientific American 277 (5): 62–67,.

Norwegian Election Observation Mission 2005, "Final report on the presidential election in Zimbabwe 2002". Available at www.kubatana.net

Nyambuya, Mike, 1996. National Defence: The Experience of the Zimbabwe Defence Force, African Security Review, Vol. 5. No. 3.
…………….. 1998. Resolute Partners: ‘Zimbabwe`s Role as Lead Nation for Peacekeeping Training in the SADC Region,’ Monogragh No. 21

Nyathi, Nobuhle, 2006. It`s ZANU PF not sanctions, stupid! Newzimbabwe.com. Available at www.newzimbabwe.com/pages/sanctions33.13182.html

O`Keefe, P., and Moyo, Sam 1996. "Land Tenure in Zimbabwe." Review of African Political Economy 70 (23): 579–580,.

Phimister, Ian,1994.Wangi Kolia: Coal, Capital and Labour in Colonial Zimbabwe, 1884–1954 (Harare: Baobab)

Phiri. P. 2006: Regional Economic Development and Integration: ‘Crucial role for civilians in SADC peacekeeping missions,’ Southern African News Features Vol. 6 No 34.  

Raftopoulos, B., & Yoshikuni , T., (eds), 1999. Sites of Struggle: Essays in Zimbabwe’s Urban History (Harare: Weaver)

Raftopoulos, B. 2006. ‘Reflections on the Opposition in Zimbabwe: The Politics of the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC)’. Available at http://www.newzimbabwe.com/pages/opinion140.14149.html

Raftopoulos, Bran & Sachikonye, Lloyd, 2001. Striking Back The Labour Movement and the Post-Colonial State in Zimbabwe 1980-2000.(Harare: Weaver)

Raftopoulos, Brian, 1995. ‘Nationalism and Labour in Salisbury, 1953-1965’, Journal of Southern African Studies 21, 1 (1995)

Ranger, Terence, 1989. "Missionaries, Migrants and the Manyika: The Invention of Ethnicity in Zimbabwe." In Leroy Vail ed. The Creation of Tribalism in Southern Africa, 1989.

——. Peasant Consciousness and Guerrilla War in Zimbabwe, 1985.

Ranger, T. O., 1970. The African Voice in Southern Rhodesia, 1898-1930 (London: Heinemann)

Rasmussen, Kent, 1978. Migrant Kingdom: Mzilikazi`s Ndebele in South Africa. (London: Rex Collings)
Rasmussen, Kent, & Rubert, Steven,1990. Historical Dictionary of Zimbabwe, (Scarecrow Press, Metuchen, N.J., USA,).

Riddell, R.C. (1981). Report of the Commission of Inquiry into Incomes, Prices and Conditions of Service (Salisbury, Government Printer).

Rutherford, B. ‘Belonging to the Farm(er): Farm Workers, Farmers and the Shifting Politics of Citizenship’, in A. Hammar, B. Raftopoulos & S. Jensen (eds), Zimbabwe’s Unfinished Business: Rethinking Land, State and Nation in the Context of Crisis, (Harare: Weaver Press, 2003)

Riphenburg, C. J. "Changing Gender Relations and Structural Adjustment in Zimbabwe." Africa 52 (2): 237–260, 1997.

Roe, E. M. 1995. "More than the Politics of Decentralization: Local Government Reform, District Development and Public Administration in Zimbabwe." World Development 23 (5): 833–844.

SADC Parliamentary Forum Observer Mission 2002, Zimbabwe Presidential Elections 2002 Observation Mission Report, http://www.sadcpf.org/documents

Saki, Otto and Chiware, Tendai, 2007. The Law in Zimbabwe (Harare: Zimbabwe Lawyers for Human Ruights).

Scarnecchia, T. 1996. "Poor Women and Nationalist Politics: Alliances and Fissures in the Formation of a Nationalist Political Movement in Salisbury, Rhodesia, 1950–56." Journal of African History 37 (2): 283–310,.

Schmidt, Elizabeth,1992. Peasants, Traders and Wives: Shona Women in the History of Zimbabwe 1870–1939,.

Scoones, Ian, et al.1995. Hazards and Opportunities: Farming Livelihoods in Dryland Africa: Lessons from Zimbabwe.

Shamuyarira, Nathan, 1965. Crisis in Rhodesia (London: Andre Deutsch)

Sithole, M., 1979. Zimbabwe Struggles within the Struggle (Salisbury: Rujeko Publishers)

____________. 1987. The General Elections: 1979-1985. In Ibbo Mandaza, ed., Zimbabwe: The Political Economy of Transition, 1980- 1986 (Dakar: Codesria).

____________. 1997. “ Zimbabwe’s Eroding Authoritarianism,” Journal of Democracy, Vol 8, No 1, 1997

South African Observer Mission 2002. "Interim statement by the South African Observer Mission on the Zimbabwean presidential elections", Department of Foreign Affairs,

Solidarity Peace Trust, 2006. Command Agriculture in Zimbabwe: its impact on rural communities in Matabeleland, April 2006. 

Stoneman, C. (ed).1988. Zimbabwe`s Prospects: Issues of race, class, state and capital in. Southern Africa. (London: Macmillan).

Stoneman, Colin, and Cliffe, Lionel, 1989. Zimbabwe: Politics, Economics and Society (London: Pinter).

Technical Committee of the Inter-Ministerial Committee on Resettlement and Rural Development and the National Economic Consultative Forum Land Reform Task Force, (1998) Inception Phase Framework Plan: 1999 to 2000, An Implementation Plan of the Land Reform and Resettlement Programme - Phase 2 (Harare: Government of Zimbabwe).

United Nations, 2005. UN Special Envoy on Human Settlements Issues in Zimbabwe: Report of the Fact-Finding Mission to Zimbabwe to assess the Scope and Impact of Operation Murambatsvina, 18 July 2005

United Nations Development Programme, (January 2002) Zimbabwe: Land Reform and Resettlement: Assessment and Suggested Framework for the Future-Interim Mission Report (New York: UNDP).

United States Embassy, 2002 "Zimbabwe: Initial Findings of U.S. Election Observer Team",

United States Government, 2001. Zimbabwe Democracy and Economic Recovery Act of 2001.

 Zimbabwe, Census 2002, Zimbabwe Preliminary Report (Harare, Central Statistical Office, 2002).

Zimbabwe Electoral Commission, Parliamentary Election 31 March 2005: Nomination Court Results.

Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum, June 2005. Order out of Chaos, or Chaos out of Order?: A Preliminary Report on Operation "Murambatsvina",

Zimbabwe Election Support Network, 2002. "Post-election assessment",

 

Reports

 

Republic of Zimbabwe. Census 1992.

Zimbabwe National Report, (1994).

AFR 46/003/2005 - Amnesty International 2005, Report on Zimbabwe election intimidation

 

News papers

 

Herald - government-owned daily

Chronicle - Bulawayo-based, government-owned daily

Financial Gazette - private, business weekly

Standard - private, weekly

Zimbabwe Independent - private weekly

Daily Mirror - ceased publication in March 2007

 

Government sources and links

 

www.parlzim.gov.zw -Parliament of Zimbabwe - official government site

www.gta.gov.zw -Zimbabwe Government Online - official site

www.mod.gov.zw/airforce/airforce.htm

www.army-guide.com/eng/article/article.php?forumID=74

www.kubatana.net/docs/legisl/constitution_zim_amd17_050825.doc [Word document] (Constitution of Zimbabwe Amendment Act, No. 17, 2005.

 

Online sources

 

www.eisa.org.za/WEP/zimpartiesa.htm

www.eisa.org.za/WEP/zimresults2002.htm

http://www.eisa.org.za/WEP/zimresults2000p.htm

www.zimbabwesituation.com

www.herald.co.zw

www.sundaymail.co.zw

www.mg.co.za

www.igd.org.za

www.undp.org/

www.sadc.int/english/contact/ncp/search.php?country=Zimbabwe

www.sardc.net/

www.mbendi.co.za/land/af/zi/p0005.htm

www.who.int/countries/zwe/en/

www.tanzania.go.tz/sadc/

www.sadcreview.com/

www.sadcwscu.org.ls/

www.sardc.net/

www.ngb.se/sadc/

www.sadc-sqam.org/

www.rhino-sadc.org/

www.un.org/esa/earthsummit/sadc-cp.htm

www.sadc-reep.org.za/

www.delbwa.cec.eu.int/en/eu_and_sadc/introduction.htm

www.esipp.org

www.sadcreview.com/country_profiles/zimbabwe/zimbabwe.htm

www.eisa.org.za/WEP/zimbabwe.htm

http://africanelections.tripod.com/zw.html#2005_Senate_Elections

www.iss.org.za/AF/profiles/Zimbabwe/SecInfo.html

 

Electronic media

 

Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation (ZBC) - state-run, operates ZTV1

Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation (ZBC) - state-run, operates National FM, Power FM, Radio Zimbabwe and S-FM

Zimbabwe Inter-Africa News Agency - state-owned